Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each numbered blank.
Today the official language of the United States and _1_ of Canada is English. However, French _2_ became the official language _3_ a war.
The French and Indian War _4_ between 1754 and 1763. The name of this war is not _5_ because the war was actually _6_ England and France. The Indians fought _7_ of the French.
France and England were trying to _8_ control of North America. France _9_ Canada, and England held part of _10_ is now the United States. However, France tried to _11_ its land _12_ southward into New York, pennsylvania, ohio, and Virginia. When the French built a fort _13_ the ohio River, the residents in Virginia sent George Washington to attack the fort in 1745. _14_, the French defeated Washington.
The French, _15_ by the Indians, outsmarted the English and won many early battles. _16_, the British began to do well _17_ the French. In the battle in Quebec, Canada, General Wolfe of England _18_ General Montcalm from France. _19_ generals died in this battle, but the English outlasted the French and won the battle. _20_, most of North America today has the English culture and language.
1. A. most B. majority C. plenty D. lot
2. A. largely B. already C. almost D. mostly
3. A. by means of B. because of C. according to D. through
4. A. fought B. was fighting C. has fought D. was fought
5. A. accurate B. indefinable C. serious D. indefinite
6. A. among B. within C. between D. inside
7. A. for the side B. on the side C. for the part D. on the part
8. A. gain B. demand C. request D. remain
9. A. earned B. held C. mastered D. kept
10. A. which B. that C. where D. what
11. A. stretch B. widen C. expand D. lengthen
12. A. moved B. to move C. move D. moving
13. A. on B. in C. above D. among
14. A. therefore B. however C. although D. hence
15. A. to be aided B. aided C. was aiding D. aiding
16. A. later B. lately C. lastly D. late
17. A. opposite B. towards C. against D. over
18. A. faced B. facing C. was faced D. to face
19. A. either B. both C. all D. two
20. A. yet B. though C. but D. thus
解析：
1.A. 這句話的意思是：今天美國(guó)和加拿大大部分地區(qū)的官方語(yǔ)言都是英語(yǔ)。Most of大多數(shù)，大部分;majority 大多數(shù)，但前面要加定冠詞; lot不能單獨(dú)of和連用; plenty of大量的.
2. C.
這句話的意思是：由于一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)法語(yǔ)差不多變成了官方語(yǔ)言。almost幾乎，差不多。這里講的是法語(yǔ)差一點(diǎn)成為官方語(yǔ)言，但是并沒(méi)有真正成為官方語(yǔ)言，所以不能用already。
3. B.
By means of 通過(guò)…方法;because of 由于，原因是;according to 根據(jù)，隨…而做更改;through通過(guò)，穿過(guò)。
4. D.
這句話的意思是：印法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生再1754-1763之間。這里表示進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
5. A.
這句話的意思是：這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的名稱并不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是再英國(guó)和法國(guó)之間進(jìn)行的。上面提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是印法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但實(shí)際交戰(zhàn)雙方是法國(guó)和英國(guó)，所以它的名字是不準(zhǔn)確的。indefinable不確定的;serious嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的;indefinite模糊的，不確定的。
6. C.
這里指英法之間進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。二者之間要用between;三者或三者以上用among.
7. B.
這句話的意思是：印度人站在法國(guó)人這邊戰(zhàn)斗。on the side of 站在…的立場(chǎng)上，站在…的一邊，贊助。
8. A.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)和英國(guó)試圖獲得對(duì)北美的控制。gain獲得;demand要求;request請(qǐng)求;remain保持。gain the control獲得控制，得到控制權(quán)。
9. B.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)控制著加拿大，英國(guó)控制著今天美國(guó)的部分地區(qū)。從and前后的兩個(gè)句子對(duì)比可以推斷出，這個(gè)空要填的詞和后面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞是相同的。Hold 的本意是“抓住，握住”，這里表示一個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)另外一個(gè)國(guó)家的控制。
10. D.
這里要用一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，做介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
11. C.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)試圖擴(kuò)張它的領(lǐng)土，向南擴(kuò)張直到紐約。擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土常用的搭配是expand the land. widen 擴(kuò)大，不能反映出法國(guó)的侵略性行為。
12. D.
這里是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，表示“向南移動(dòng)”，其他動(dòng)詞形式不能做狀語(yǔ)。
13. A.
這句話的意思是：當(dāng)法國(guó)人在河上建起了一座堡壘時(shí)，表示 “在河上” 用介詞on. In the river 表示在河里。
14. B.
這句話的意思是：然而，法國(guó)人擊敗了華盛頓。這是對(duì)于上一句的轉(zhuǎn)折。although 盡管，雖然;therefore因此，所以;however然而，但是;hence從此，因此。
15. B.
這句話的意思是：在印度人的幫助下，法國(guó)人以機(jī)智擊敗了英國(guó)人，贏得了早期很多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。前面已經(jīng)講到了印度人是站在法國(guó)人這邊的。很明顯，這里使用了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做the French 的定語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有aided是過(guò)去分詞形式。
16. A.
這句話的意思是：后來(lái)，英國(guó)人在對(duì)抗法國(guó)人的戰(zhàn)斗中打的很順手。上一句提到了法國(guó)在早期的戰(zhàn)斗中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位，緊接著，這里有講英國(guó)人在后來(lái)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中處于上峰。Later 后來(lái);lately 最近;lastly 最后，終于;late adj. 遲到的，不能用在此做狀語(yǔ)
17. C.
這里要表達(dá)的意思是“反抗，對(duì)抗”，而且根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷此處應(yīng)用的是介詞。所以只有against可以用在這里。opposite (位置)在…的對(duì)面;towards 朝，向;over 在…的上方.
18. A.
這句話的意思是：在決戰(zhàn)中，英國(guó)的Wolfer 將軍遇到了法國(guó)的Montcalm將軍。這里表達(dá)的是“與碰面，遇到”，所以表主動(dòng)，而非被動(dòng)。與全文敘述的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，這里也要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
19. B.
這句話的意思是：兩個(gè)將軍在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役中都死了。這里所修飾的名詞general是復(fù)數(shù)，而且表示 “兩者都”而不是“兩者都不”。
20. D.
這句話的意思是：因此，今天的北美大部分地區(qū)都擁有英國(guó)的文化和語(yǔ)言。這里是對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。既然英國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利，那么它肯定獲得了對(duì)北美的控制，因此北美到處都有英國(guó)文化的影子也就不足為奇了。Yet 然而;though 盡管;thus 因此。
Reading Comprehension
Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
American Education System
The American educational system is based on the idea that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as possible. This fact alone distinguishes the US system from the most others, since in most others the objective is as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in. the US system has no standardized examinations whose results systematically prevent students from going to higher levels of study, as the British and many other systems do. Through secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary institutions as well, the American system tries to accommodate students even if their academic aspirations and aptitude are not high, even if they are physically ( and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if their native language is not English.
The idea that as many as people should have as much education as possible, of course, an outcome of the Americans’ assumptions about equality among people. These assumptions do not mean that everyone has an equal opportunity to enter Harvard, Stanford, or other highly competitive post-secondary institutions. Admission to such institutions is generally restricted to the most academically able. The less able can usually matriculate in a post-secondary institutions, as the Malaysians observed, but one of lower quality.
As of March 1982, only 3 percent of all Americans aged 25 or more had completed less than five years of elementary school. Seventy-one percent of those 25 or more had completed four years of high school or gone beyond that, and 17.7 percent had completed four or more years of post-secondary education. The median number of school years completed was 12.6. The number of tertiary (that is post-secondary) students per 100,000 inhabitants was 5,355. some contrast: the number of tertiary students per 100,000 in the population was 4,006 in Canada. In no other country, according to UNESCo data, was the number of post-secondary students above 2,700 per 100,000. Korea had 2,696 tertiary students per 100,000 inhabitants; Japan, 2030; the USSR, 1,890; Hong Kong, 1353; Malaysia, 472; and Ethiopia, 48.
Naturally, an educational system that retains as many as the American system does likely to enroll a broader range of students than a system that seeks to educate only the few who seem especially suited for academic work. In the American system, academic rigor tends to come later than it does in most other systems. In many instances, American students do not face truly demanding educational requirements until they seek a graduate (that is, a post-baccalaureate) degree. Many other systems place heavy demands on students as early as their primary years-though college may be far less demanding, as is the case in Japan.
1. According to the passage, the US is different from most other countries in ___.
A. culture.
B. economy
C. history
D. educational system.
2. The idea based in by the American educational system is that ____.
A. the result of the examination systematically prevent the students from going to a higher levels of study.
B. the US tries as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in.
C. as many people as possible should have as much education as possible.
D. The US should have standardized ecamination.
3. The american’s assumptions about equality among people result in ___.
A. standardized examination.
B. academic aspirations.
C. the idea of more people and more education.
D. Educational development.
4. In which countries was the number of tertiary students above 2,700 per 100,000?
A. In US and USSR
B. In Canada and Malaysia.
C. In Argentina and Canada.
D. In Canada and US.
5. The American educational system places heavy educational demands on students ___.
A. as early as their primary years.
B. before they seek a graduation degree.
C. after they begin to seek a graduate degree.
D. before they seek a bachelor degree.
解析：
1.D
文章的第一段的第二句話提到，單是這一教育體系的不同，就可以時(shí)美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家很容易地區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。所以說(shuō)，美國(guó)與其他國(guó)家在教育體系上是不同的。
2.C
文章的第一句話就明確地指出美國(guó)的教育體系的基礎(chǔ)是使盡可能多的人接受盡可能多的教育這一理念。
3.C
從第二段的第一句話可以看出，使盡可能多的人接受盡可能多的教育是美國(guó)人關(guān)于人人平等這一假設(shè)的結(jié)果。也就是說(shuō)，美國(guó)提出的人人平等的假設(shè)導(dǎo)致了教育理念的產(chǎn)生。
4.D
文章的第三段指出，在加拿大，每10萬(wàn)人中接受高等教育的人數(shù)是4，006;而在美國(guó)每10萬(wàn)人中有5，355人接受了高等教育。所以每10萬(wàn)人中接受高等教育的人數(shù)在700人以上的只有美國(guó)和加拿大。
5.C
文章最后一段指出，美國(guó)的教育體系對(duì)成績(jī)的要求比其他國(guó)家晚。只有當(dāng)學(xué)生想要獲得碩士學(xué)位時(shí)，成績(jī)才會(huì)被擺到一個(gè)重要的位置上來(lái)。只有在這個(gè)階段，美國(guó)的教育體系才會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生提出較高的要求
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each numbered blank.
Today the official language of the United States and _1_ of Canada is English. However, French _2_ became the official language _3_ a war.
The French and Indian War _4_ between 1754 and 1763. The name of this war is not _5_ because the war was actually _6_ England and France. The Indians fought _7_ of the French.
France and England were trying to _8_ control of North America. France _9_ Canada, and England held part of _10_ is now the United States. However, France tried to _11_ its land _12_ southward into New York, pennsylvania, ohio, and Virginia. When the French built a fort _13_ the ohio River, the residents in Virginia sent George Washington to attack the fort in 1745. _14_, the French defeated Washington.
The French, _15_ by the Indians, outsmarted the English and won many early battles. _16_, the British began to do well _17_ the French. In the battle in Quebec, Canada, General Wolfe of England _18_ General Montcalm from France. _19_ generals died in this battle, but the English outlasted the French and won the battle. _20_, most of North America today has the English culture and language.
1. A. most B. majority C. plenty D. lot
2. A. largely B. already C. almost D. mostly
3. A. by means of B. because of C. according to D. through
4. A. fought B. was fighting C. has fought D. was fought
5. A. accurate B. indefinable C. serious D. indefinite
6. A. among B. within C. between D. inside
7. A. for the side B. on the side C. for the part D. on the part
8. A. gain B. demand C. request D. remain
9. A. earned B. held C. mastered D. kept
10. A. which B. that C. where D. what
11. A. stretch B. widen C. expand D. lengthen
12. A. moved B. to move C. move D. moving
13. A. on B. in C. above D. among
14. A. therefore B. however C. although D. hence
15. A. to be aided B. aided C. was aiding D. aiding
16. A. later B. lately C. lastly D. late
17. A. opposite B. towards C. against D. over
18. A. faced B. facing C. was faced D. to face
19. A. either B. both C. all D. two
20. A. yet B. though C. but D. thus
解析：
1.A. 這句話的意思是：今天美國(guó)和加拿大大部分地區(qū)的官方語(yǔ)言都是英語(yǔ)。Most of大多數(shù)，大部分;majority 大多數(shù)，但前面要加定冠詞; lot不能單獨(dú)of和連用; plenty of大量的.
2. C.
這句話的意思是：由于一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)法語(yǔ)差不多變成了官方語(yǔ)言。almost幾乎，差不多。這里講的是法語(yǔ)差一點(diǎn)成為官方語(yǔ)言，但是并沒(méi)有真正成為官方語(yǔ)言，所以不能用already。
3. B.
By means of 通過(guò)…方法;because of 由于，原因是;according to 根據(jù)，隨…而做更改;through通過(guò)，穿過(guò)。
4. D.
這句話的意思是：印法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生再1754-1763之間。這里表示進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
5. A.
這句話的意思是：這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的名稱并不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是再英國(guó)和法國(guó)之間進(jìn)行的。上面提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是印法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但實(shí)際交戰(zhàn)雙方是法國(guó)和英國(guó)，所以它的名字是不準(zhǔn)確的。indefinable不確定的;serious嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的;indefinite模糊的，不確定的。
6. C.
這里指英法之間進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。二者之間要用between;三者或三者以上用among.
7. B.
這句話的意思是：印度人站在法國(guó)人這邊戰(zhàn)斗。on the side of 站在…的立場(chǎng)上，站在…的一邊，贊助。
8. A.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)和英國(guó)試圖獲得對(duì)北美的控制。gain獲得;demand要求;request請(qǐng)求;remain保持。gain the control獲得控制，得到控制權(quán)。
9. B.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)控制著加拿大，英國(guó)控制著今天美國(guó)的部分地區(qū)。從and前后的兩個(gè)句子對(duì)比可以推斷出，這個(gè)空要填的詞和后面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞是相同的。Hold 的本意是“抓住，握住”，這里表示一個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)另外一個(gè)國(guó)家的控制。
10. D.
這里要用一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，做介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
11. C.
這句話的意思是：法國(guó)試圖擴(kuò)張它的領(lǐng)土，向南擴(kuò)張直到紐約。擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土常用的搭配是expand the land. widen 擴(kuò)大，不能反映出法國(guó)的侵略性行為。
12. D.
這里是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，表示“向南移動(dòng)”，其他動(dòng)詞形式不能做狀語(yǔ)。
13. A.
這句話的意思是：當(dāng)法國(guó)人在河上建起了一座堡壘時(shí)，表示 “在河上” 用介詞on. In the river 表示在河里。
14. B.
這句話的意思是：然而，法國(guó)人擊敗了華盛頓。這是對(duì)于上一句的轉(zhuǎn)折。although 盡管，雖然;therefore因此，所以;however然而，但是;hence從此，因此。
15. B.
這句話的意思是：在印度人的幫助下，法國(guó)人以機(jī)智擊敗了英國(guó)人，贏得了早期很多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。前面已經(jīng)講到了印度人是站在法國(guó)人這邊的。很明顯，這里使用了過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做the French 的定語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有aided是過(guò)去分詞形式。
16. A.
這句話的意思是：后來(lái)，英國(guó)人在對(duì)抗法國(guó)人的戰(zhàn)斗中打的很順手。上一句提到了法國(guó)在早期的戰(zhàn)斗中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位，緊接著，這里有講英國(guó)人在后來(lái)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中處于上峰。Later 后來(lái);lately 最近;lastly 最后，終于;late adj. 遲到的，不能用在此做狀語(yǔ)
17. C.
這里要表達(dá)的意思是“反抗，對(duì)抗”，而且根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷此處應(yīng)用的是介詞。所以只有against可以用在這里。opposite (位置)在…的對(duì)面;towards 朝，向;over 在…的上方.
18. A.
這句話的意思是：在決戰(zhàn)中，英國(guó)的Wolfer 將軍遇到了法國(guó)的Montcalm將軍。這里表達(dá)的是“與碰面，遇到”，所以表主動(dòng)，而非被動(dòng)。與全文敘述的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，這里也要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
19. B.
這句話的意思是：兩個(gè)將軍在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役中都死了。這里所修飾的名詞general是復(fù)數(shù)，而且表示 “兩者都”而不是“兩者都不”。
20. D.
這句話的意思是：因此，今天的北美大部分地區(qū)都擁有英國(guó)的文化和語(yǔ)言。這里是對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。既然英國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利，那么它肯定獲得了對(duì)北美的控制，因此北美到處都有英國(guó)文化的影子也就不足為奇了。Yet 然而;though 盡管;thus 因此。
Reading Comprehension
Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
American Education System
The American educational system is based on the idea that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as possible. This fact alone distinguishes the US system from the most others, since in most others the objective is as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in. the US system has no standardized examinations whose results systematically prevent students from going to higher levels of study, as the British and many other systems do. Through secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary institutions as well, the American system tries to accommodate students even if their academic aspirations and aptitude are not high, even if they are physically ( and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if their native language is not English.
The idea that as many as people should have as much education as possible, of course, an outcome of the Americans’ assumptions about equality among people. These assumptions do not mean that everyone has an equal opportunity to enter Harvard, Stanford, or other highly competitive post-secondary institutions. Admission to such institutions is generally restricted to the most academically able. The less able can usually matriculate in a post-secondary institutions, as the Malaysians observed, but one of lower quality.
As of March 1982, only 3 percent of all Americans aged 25 or more had completed less than five years of elementary school. Seventy-one percent of those 25 or more had completed four years of high school or gone beyond that, and 17.7 percent had completed four or more years of post-secondary education. The median number of school years completed was 12.6. The number of tertiary (that is post-secondary) students per 100,000 inhabitants was 5,355. some contrast: the number of tertiary students per 100,000 in the population was 4,006 in Canada. In no other country, according to UNESCo data, was the number of post-secondary students above 2,700 per 100,000. Korea had 2,696 tertiary students per 100,000 inhabitants; Japan, 2030; the USSR, 1,890; Hong Kong, 1353; Malaysia, 472; and Ethiopia, 48.
Naturally, an educational system that retains as many as the American system does likely to enroll a broader range of students than a system that seeks to educate only the few who seem especially suited for academic work. In the American system, academic rigor tends to come later than it does in most other systems. In many instances, American students do not face truly demanding educational requirements until they seek a graduate (that is, a post-baccalaureate) degree. Many other systems place heavy demands on students as early as their primary years-though college may be far less demanding, as is the case in Japan.
1. According to the passage, the US is different from most other countries in ___.
A. culture.
B. economy
C. history
D. educational system.
2. The idea based in by the American educational system is that ____.
A. the result of the examination systematically prevent the students from going to a higher levels of study.
B. the US tries as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in.
C. as many people as possible should have as much education as possible.
D. The US should have standardized ecamination.
3. The american’s assumptions about equality among people result in ___.
A. standardized examination.
B. academic aspirations.
C. the idea of more people and more education.
D. Educational development.
4. In which countries was the number of tertiary students above 2,700 per 100,000?
A. In US and USSR
B. In Canada and Malaysia.
C. In Argentina and Canada.
D. In Canada and US.
5. The American educational system places heavy educational demands on students ___.
A. as early as their primary years.
B. before they seek a graduation degree.
C. after they begin to seek a graduate degree.
D. before they seek a bachelor degree.
解析：
1.D
文章的第一段的第二句話提到，單是這一教育體系的不同，就可以時(shí)美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家很容易地區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。所以說(shuō)，美國(guó)與其他國(guó)家在教育體系上是不同的。
2.C
文章的第一句話就明確地指出美國(guó)的教育體系的基礎(chǔ)是使盡可能多的人接受盡可能多的教育這一理念。
3.C
從第二段的第一句話可以看出，使盡可能多的人接受盡可能多的教育是美國(guó)人關(guān)于人人平等這一假設(shè)的結(jié)果。也就是說(shuō)，美國(guó)提出的人人平等的假設(shè)導(dǎo)致了教育理念的產(chǎn)生。
4.D
文章的第三段指出，在加拿大，每10萬(wàn)人中接受高等教育的人數(shù)是4，006;而在美國(guó)每10萬(wàn)人中有5，355人接受了高等教育。所以每10萬(wàn)人中接受高等教育的人數(shù)在700人以上的只有美國(guó)和加拿大。
5.C
文章最后一段指出，美國(guó)的教育體系對(duì)成績(jī)的要求比其他國(guó)家晚。只有當(dāng)學(xué)生想要獲得碩士學(xué)位時(shí)，成績(jī)才會(huì)被擺到一個(gè)重要的位置上來(lái)。只有在這個(gè)階段，美國(guó)的教育體系才會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生提出較高的要求