Passage Twenty-seven (Analysis and Interpretation of the News)
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “l(fā)ocal” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Interpreting the News. [B]. Choosing Facts.
[C]. Subjective versus Objective Processes. [D]. Everything Counts.
2. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?
[A]. Space is limited. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. The subject is not important. [D]. He is entering choppy and dangerous.
3. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news/
[A]. Interpretation. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. Placement. [D]. Concentration.
4. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?
[A]. It will influence the reader to continue.
[B]. It will be the best way to write.
[C]. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.
[D]. It will gratify the editor.
Vocabulary
1. unalloyed 純粹的，沒有雜物的
2. unslanted 無偏見的，不歪曲的
3. scribble 胡寫，亂寫;粗制濫造的文章
4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集
5. economic strain 經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張，壓力
6. embark on 開始，從事
7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，變動(dòng)頻繁，紊亂
8. query 疑問，質(zhì)問
9. come about 發(fā)生
10. allotment 分配
11. beacon 信標(biāo)，燈塔，烽火
12. murky 陰暗的，(霧等)濃的
13. prop up 給……撐腰，支持
14. demote 使降級(jí)。相應(yīng)詞 promote
15. news neutralism 無傾向性新聞，新聞中立主義
16. lead (新聞等)#大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試# #2016年六級(jí)考試精讀薈萃練習(xí)題100篇(57)#，提要
難句譯注
1. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “l(fā)ocal” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] 主從句，句中連用三個(gè)不定式，是實(shí)際的主語，也就是this 的內(nèi)容。后跟賓語或賓語從句。
[參考譯文] 美國報(bào)界面臨最重要的兒女物是向讀者講清今日存在的問題，使國際新聞像地區(qū)社區(qū)新聞一樣明白易懂，使他們認(rèn)識(shí)到不再有什么“本地”新聞這類事情(社團(tuán)或俱樂部粗制濫造的文章可能要除外)，因?yàn)閲H上任何新聞在人力征用，募集，經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，事實(shí)上在生活的各方面都會(huì)引起地區(qū)反應(yīng)。
2. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] the swirling…是說明語。
[參考譯文] 報(bào)界有一種普遍存在的觀點(diǎn)：當(dāng)你從事解釋新聞的工作(對(duì)新聞進(jìn)行解釋時(shí))，你就進(jìn)入了波浪滔天，險(xiǎn)情還生的水域，意見漩掀的浪潮。
3. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] 句中有定語從句in which 修飾interpretation. 定從中calling on 分詞短語作伴隨狀態(tài)，修飾reporter and editor。
[參考譯文] 這些判斷評(píng)價(jià)就像解釋新聞多涉及的判斷一樣。在這里，記者和編輯要?jiǎng)佑盟麄兊男侣務(wù){(diào)查研究資源，他們一般的背景材料以及新聞“中立”態(tài)度來得出有關(guān)新聞意義的結(jié)論。
4. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.)
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] a note in passing 義;順便說一句，附帶的談一下。
[參考譯文] 這兩個(gè)判斷領(lǐng)域：提供新聞內(nèi)容和解說新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域可不是主觀過程，而是客觀過程——也就是說，要像任何人能做到的那樣客觀。順便說一句，就算達(dá)不到絕對(duì)的客觀，那客觀的理想必須始終如一的是迷霧漫漫新航道上的信標(biāo)。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論及“新聞評(píng)價(jià)”問題。采用一般到具體手法。文章一開始就提出新聞要客觀，真實(shí)的事實(shí)，解釋要清楚，使讀者明白今日世界的問題。國內(nèi)外大事和我們生活休戚相關(guān)。然后講述選材過程，版面布置。最后談到提供和解說新聞中評(píng)價(jià)要客觀。www.Ｅxamda.CoM考試就到考試大
答案祥解
1. A. 解釋新聞。文章雖提及兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域(見難句譯注4)，但重點(diǎn)在解釋(見難句譯注2)。提供是“解說”的前提，但作為標(biāo)題不合適，因?yàn)樗亲鳛椤敖忉尅钡膶?duì)比而寫的。(見難句譯注3 not at all unlike…及難句譯注4 are both objective rather than…)
B. 選擇事實(shí)。這只是提供新聞中一個(gè)具體步驟。 C. 主觀對(duì)客觀過程。也是一個(gè)具體方面(見難句譯注4)。 D. 一切都要算在內(nèi)。涉及面太廣，文內(nèi)沒提及。
2. A. 版面空間有限。第四段三句：“舉例說，記者收集50條新聞事實(shí)。他從50條中選出10條他認(rèn)為是最重要的新聞，因?yàn)樗陌婷婵臻g分配必定有所限制?！?BR> B. 他的編輯有偏見。不對(duì)。 C. 他的文章主題不重要。 不對(duì)。 D. 他進(jìn)到了波浪滔天的危險(xiǎn)水域(見難句譯注2)。這是講新聞解釋。
3. A. 解說。最后一段最后三句：“如果編輯想要歪曲新聞，他可以采用其他辦法，遠(yuǎn)比解說要有效的多。他可以通過選擇支持他的觀點(diǎn)的才，或通過他給每條新聞所定的位置達(dá)到歪曲的目的——提升到頭版，或者降低到三十版?！边@段話說明其它辦法歪曲新聞比解說新聞來歪曲有效的多。
B. 選材。 C. 定位。 D. 集中。
4. C. 有些讀者不讀一段以下的問心，這是常識(shí)。有的讀者就讀大標(biāo)題。
A. 它將影響讀者繼續(xù)讀下去。 B. 這是的寫作方法。 D. 這會(huì)使編輯高興。
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “l(fā)ocal” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
As to the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual” story cones about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten, which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece (This is important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) Of an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the pay he gives a story—promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Interpreting the News. [B]. Choosing Facts.
[C]. Subjective versus Objective Processes. [D]. Everything Counts.
2. Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?
[A]. Space is limited. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. The subject is not important. [D]. He is entering choppy and dangerous.
3. What is the least effective way of “slanting” news/
[A]. Interpretation. [B]. His editor is prejudiced.
[C]. Placement. [D]. Concentration.
4. Why should the lead sentence present the most important fact?
[A]. It will influence the reader to continue.
[B]. It will be the best way to write.
[C]. Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.
[D]. It will gratify the editor.
Vocabulary
1. unalloyed 純粹的，沒有雜物的
2. unslanted 無偏見的，不歪曲的
3. scribble 胡寫，亂寫;粗制濫造的文章
4. manpower draft 人力征用，券集
5. economic strain 經(jīng)濟(jì)緊張，壓力
6. embark on 開始，從事
7. choppy 波浪滔滔的，變動(dòng)頻繁，紊亂
8. query 疑問，質(zhì)問
9. come about 發(fā)生
10. allotment 分配
11. beacon 信標(biāo)，燈塔，烽火
12. murky 陰暗的，(霧等)濃的
13. prop up 給……撐腰，支持
14. demote 使降級(jí)。相應(yīng)詞 promote
15. news neutralism 無傾向性新聞，新聞中立主義
16. lead (新聞等)#大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試# #2016年六級(jí)考試精讀薈萃練習(xí)題100篇(57)#，提要
難句譯注
1. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribbling as society and club news) as “l(fā)ocal” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] 主從句，句中連用三個(gè)不定式，是實(shí)際的主語，也就是this 的內(nèi)容。后跟賓語或賓語從句。
[參考譯文] 美國報(bào)界面臨最重要的兒女物是向讀者講清今日存在的問題，使國際新聞像地區(qū)社區(qū)新聞一樣明白易懂，使他們認(rèn)識(shí)到不再有什么“本地”新聞這類事情(社團(tuán)或俱樂部粗制濫造的文章可能要除外)，因?yàn)閲H上任何新聞在人力征用，募集，經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，事實(shí)上在生活的各方面都會(huì)引起地區(qū)反應(yīng)。
2. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering choppy and dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] the swirling…是說明語。
[參考譯文] 報(bào)界有一種普遍存在的觀點(diǎn)：當(dāng)你從事解釋新聞的工作(對(duì)新聞進(jìn)行解釋時(shí))，你就進(jìn)入了波浪滔天，險(xiǎn)情還生的水域，意見漩掀的浪潮。
3. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] 句中有定語從句in which 修飾interpretation. 定從中calling on 分詞短語作伴隨狀態(tài)，修飾reporter and editor。
[參考譯文] 這些判斷評(píng)價(jià)就像解釋新聞多涉及的判斷一樣。在這里，記者和編輯要?jiǎng)佑盟麄兊男侣務(wù){(diào)查研究資源，他們一般的背景材料以及新聞“中立”態(tài)度來得出有關(guān)新聞意義的結(jié)論。
4. The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather then subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.)
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] a note in passing 義;順便說一句，附帶的談一下。
[參考譯文] 這兩個(gè)判斷領(lǐng)域：提供新聞內(nèi)容和解說新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域可不是主觀過程，而是客觀過程——也就是說，要像任何人能做到的那樣客觀。順便說一句，就算達(dá)不到絕對(duì)的客觀，那客觀的理想必須始終如一的是迷霧漫漫新航道上的信標(biāo)。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論及“新聞評(píng)價(jià)”問題。采用一般到具體手法。文章一開始就提出新聞要客觀，真實(shí)的事實(shí)，解釋要清楚，使讀者明白今日世界的問題。國內(nèi)外大事和我們生活休戚相關(guān)。然后講述選材過程，版面布置。最后談到提供和解說新聞中評(píng)價(jià)要客觀。www.Ｅxamda.CoM考試就到考試大
答案祥解
1. A. 解釋新聞。文章雖提及兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域(見難句譯注4)，但重點(diǎn)在解釋(見難句譯注2)。提供是“解說”的前提，但作為標(biāo)題不合適，因?yàn)樗亲鳛椤敖忉尅钡膶?duì)比而寫的。(見難句譯注3 not at all unlike…及難句譯注4 are both objective rather than…)
B. 選擇事實(shí)。這只是提供新聞中一個(gè)具體步驟。 C. 主觀對(duì)客觀過程。也是一個(gè)具體方面(見難句譯注4)。 D. 一切都要算在內(nèi)。涉及面太廣，文內(nèi)沒提及。
2. A. 版面空間有限。第四段三句：“舉例說，記者收集50條新聞事實(shí)。他從50條中選出10條他認(rèn)為是最重要的新聞，因?yàn)樗陌婷婵臻g分配必定有所限制?！?BR> B. 他的編輯有偏見。不對(duì)。 C. 他的文章主題不重要。 不對(duì)。 D. 他進(jìn)到了波浪滔天的危險(xiǎn)水域(見難句譯注2)。這是講新聞解釋。
3. A. 解說。最后一段最后三句：“如果編輯想要歪曲新聞，他可以采用其他辦法，遠(yuǎn)比解說要有效的多。他可以通過選擇支持他的觀點(diǎn)的才，或通過他給每條新聞所定的位置達(dá)到歪曲的目的——提升到頭版，或者降低到三十版?！边@段話說明其它辦法歪曲新聞比解說新聞來歪曲有效的多。
B. 選材。 C. 定位。 D. 集中。
4. C. 有些讀者不讀一段以下的問心，這是常識(shí)。有的讀者就讀大標(biāo)題。
A. 它將影響讀者繼續(xù)讀下去。 B. 這是的寫作方法。 D. 這會(huì)使編輯高興。