關(guān)系代詞的用法 一. 關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法
1.當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little, something, everything, anything,nothing, none, the one
時。如：
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
(2)當先行詞前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時。如：
This is the very person that I’m waiting for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
(3) 當先行詞是形容詞級或先行詞的前面有形容詞級修飾時。如：
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interseting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4) 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：
This train is the las that will go to Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen.
(5)當先行詞既有人又有物時。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
(6)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。如：
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
(7) 有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另外一個應(yīng)用that。如：
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause
pollution.
(8)當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時。如：
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
2. 定語從句中，必須用which的情況。
(1)在非限定定語從句中，只用which,不用that。如：
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course,
made the
others evny him.
(2) 當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which，不用that。如：
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系詞之前。如：
This is the pen (which/that) I’m looking for.
不可以說：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
不可以說：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
二. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom和whose的用法
當先行詞指人，
(1)在定語從句中作主語時，用who，不可省略;
(2)在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/that，可以省略;
(3)在定于從句中作定語時，用whose,不可省略。如：
She is the girl who lives next door.(先行詞在定語從句中作主語)
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
That’s the girl (whom/that) I teach.(先行詞在定語從句中作賓語)
那就是我教的女孩。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(先行詞在定語從句中作定語)
這就是那位成績卓著的科學家。
This is the house whose window broke last night.
=This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
=This is the house of which the window broke last night.
這就是昨晚窗子被打壞的那所房子。
1.當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little, something, everything, anything,nothing, none, the one
時。如：
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
(2)當先行詞前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時。如：
This is the very person that I’m waiting for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
(3) 當先行詞是形容詞級或先行詞的前面有形容詞級修飾時。如：
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interseting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4) 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：
This train is the las that will go to Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen.
(5)當先行詞既有人又有物時。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
(6)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。如：
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
(7) 有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which，另外一個應(yīng)用that。如：
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause
pollution.
(8)當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時。如：
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
2. 定語從句中，必須用which的情況。
(1)在非限定定語從句中，只用which,不用that。如：
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course,
made the
others evny him.
(2) 當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which，不用that。如：
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系詞之前。如：
This is the pen (which/that) I’m looking for.
不可以說：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
不可以說：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
二. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom和whose的用法
當先行詞指人，
(1)在定語從句中作主語時，用who，不可省略;
(2)在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/that，可以省略;
(3)在定于從句中作定語時，用whose,不可省略。如：
She is the girl who lives next door.(先行詞在定語從句中作主語)
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
That’s the girl (whom/that) I teach.(先行詞在定語從句中作賓語)
那就是我教的女孩。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(先行詞在定語從句中作定語)
這就是那位成績卓著的科學家。
This is the house whose window broke last night.
=This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
=This is the house of which the window broke last night.
這就是昨晚窗子被打壞的那所房子。