這篇文章會講到段落寫作的基本技巧。
    由于寫作的時間有限，寫出的段落可能會比較短，但你可以運用與其他段落相同的結構。
    在有限的時間內，你要將自己的觀點盡可能敘述清楚。
    如果在動筆前已經(jīng)構思好了，那就按照自己的思路去寫，清晰地表達自己的觀點，同時注意寫作時間。
    下面的一段包含一個好的段落所具備的要素。
    大家先來讀一下，并確定這些要素有哪些：
    Studying Abroad
    Studying abroad has two main benefits. Firstly, people who study abroad can get a better job when they return to their home country. This is because their qualifications and experience mean that they tend to get jobs that are higher paid, and they can also gain promotion quickly. Another advantage of studying abroad is the independence students can gain. For example, students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures. As a consequence, they will become more confident in their life and in their relationships with others. All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.
    The Three Parts to Good Paragraph Writing
    段落要包含以下三點：
    • Topic sentence
    • Supporting sentences
    • Concluding sentence
    1. Topic Sentence
    Topic Sentence會指出這段話的主要內容，是這段話的主旨，限定了這一段要論述的圍繞這一主題的觀點。“Controlling idea”是對主題的限定。
    topic controlling idea
    Studying abroad has two main benefits
    2. Supporting Sentences
    Supporting sentences是對topic sentence展開論述。具體來說，supporting sentences闡述具體觀點，并列舉原因、數(shù)據(jù)、事實、結果等來支持所述觀點。
    論述“the benefits of studying abroad”的supporting sentences有：
    People get a better job when they return home (1st supporting idea)
    • Better qualifications & experience mean better pay and promotion (reason)
    • Now has a high standard of living (result)
    Students gain independence (2nd supporting idea)
    • Students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures.(example)
    • Students will become more confident in their life and relationships (result)
    3. Concluding Sentence (Optional)
    Concluding sentence可以用于段末，告訴讀者本段最重要的觀點，往往是topic sentence的另一種表述。例如：
    All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.
    Concluding sentence在段中可有可無，不影響作文分數(shù)。但concluding sentence可以增加段落間的連貫性。
    Unity and Coherence
    統(tǒng)一性和連貫性是好的段落必有的?？脊僖矔鶕?jù)這兩點來評分。
    •使信息和觀點有邏輯性，整篇文章簡潔清晰;
    • 使用恰當?shù)你暯臃绞?
    • 每段要有明確的中心觀點。
    1. Unity
    統(tǒng)一性意味著每段只能有一個中心觀點。整段的論述要圍繞中心句展開。
    例如上面的例子，你只能闡述出國留學的兩個好處。而不能論述更多的好處，或是出國留學的弊端。
    即使段落中沒有明確的topic sentence，這一段也應該圍繞一個主題以保持統(tǒng)一性。
    2. Coherence
    好的段落要有連貫性，這就意味著讀者可以很容易的就理解段落內容，因為(a)supporting sentences是以邏輯順序出現(xiàn)的(b)主要觀點通過過渡性的詞或短語連接。
    (a) 邏輯順序
    例如，在論述出國留學的好處時，有兩個主要觀點：(1)people who study abroad can get a better job，(2)they will become more independent.
    然后對這兩個觀點進行一一論述，并闡述支持這一觀點的例子、原因及結果。這就是邏輯順序。
    (b)過渡性詞語
    此外，這兩個觀點之間要使用恰當?shù)倪^渡性詞語連接，如first of all, for instance, the result of this, another advantage, as a consequence, all in all等。使用這些詞可以增加文章的連貫性，使讀者更容易理解。