友好詞匯題 顧名思義，出題者比較友好，并不是故意刁難你，即使對(duì)于高亮的單詞的含義不確定甚至干脆不認(rèn)識(shí)，也可以依靠上下文的信息作出關(guān)于該單詞釋義、內(nèi)涵或者感情色彩的判斷，從而得出正確的選項(xiàng)。在下面的例子中，我們都假設(shè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)高亮單詞，看看僅從原句或者上下文的內(nèi)容中可以得出什么樣的信息。比如TPO中的這樣一道題： Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world， but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent？ It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way， as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century， may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution， Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example， facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language. 1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Curious ○Unhappy○Thoughtful○Uncertain Despondent是這里主要考察的詞匯，而原文中直接將它與happy做了一個(gè)并列，即使并不能直接得出它一定與happy相反的結(jié)論，但也可以知道二者是互斥的關(guān)系，這時(shí)候看一下四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，顯然1、3、4都跟happy沒有直接關(guān)系，只有2合適，而且代入原句之后讓我們覺得這句義通順得簡(jiǎn)直令人發(fā)指，即使在這里無法確認(rèn)，逗號(hào)前面的半句話其實(shí)給了我們更多的線索，這里的happy or despondent分明就是與joy and sadness一一對(duì)應(yīng)，despondent對(duì)應(yīng)的就是sadness的名詞的意思，同樣可以得出選項(xiàng)2. 再來看這樣一道題：Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example， they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not. 10. The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Mistrust○Misinterpret○Criticize○Resent 這道題看似考察的是distort這個(gè)單詞，但實(shí)際上原文中已經(jīng)在后面給出了它的具體意思，含生詞的句子中說，富有侵略性的人們經(jīng)常( )他人的動(dòng)機(jī)，后面則舉例說，他們會(huì)認(rèn)為他人意圖傷害他們，而實(shí)際上別人并沒有這個(gè)意思，其實(shí)這已經(jīng)解釋得非常明白了，就是誤解、歪曲了別人的動(dòng)機(jī)，于是選出選項(xiàng)2。再來看一道： The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. 3. The word delicate in the passage is closest in meaning to ○Fragile ○Predictable ○Complex ○Valuable 在原句中沒有給出太多關(guān)于delicate這個(gè)詞的信息，但我們可以看一下用and構(gòu)成并列的另一個(gè)分句的含義：limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures表示這樣的半干旱地區(qū)適應(yīng)愈發(fā)嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境壓力的能力十分有限，由此可以判斷出與其并列的前面句子大致感情色彩也該相近，想要表達(dá)的意思也是說半干旱地區(qū)的生態(tài)平衡狀況不容樂觀，看下四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有1表達(dá)了這個(gè)含義，于是選出1