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詞匯學習 Word study
cause與reason
(1)cause作名詞時重要的含義是"原因"、"起因"：
A fireman accidentally discovered the cause of the fire. 一個消防隊員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因。
Do you know the cause of the war? 你知道這場戰(zhàn)爭的起因嗎?(cause通常與of連用)
cause作動詞時可以表示"使……產(chǎn)生/發(fā)生"、"引起"：
Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or cigarette ends. 森林火災時常由碎玻璃或香煙頭引起。
What caused the accident? 事故是如何造成的?
(2)reason作名詞時重要的含義是"理由"、"原因"：
Give me your reasons for going there. 請告訴我你去那里的理由。
What was the reason for the delay? 延遲的原因是什么?
作"原因"講時，reason與cause可以互相交換使用，但reason與介詞for連用，而cause則與介詞of連用：
What was the cause of the delay? (譯文同上)
reason后面通常跟why引導的從句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off. 這就是會議推遲的原因。
reason作動詞時表示"推理"、"勸導"、"說服"等：
How can you reason with him when he is so worried? 他現(xiàn)在如此擔心，你怎么能勸得了他?
throw
throw作及物動詞主要含義為"投"、"擲"、"拋"、"扔"。當它與不同的介詞或副詞連用時，其意義會稍有變化。throw away表示"扔掉"、"丟棄";throw at表示對準某一目標扔;throw to則表示扔給(某人)：
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly. 許多人隨手亂扔香煙頭。
Shall I throw this old newspaper away? 我把這舊報紙扔掉好嗎?
Don't throw stones at the dog/ the window. 別對著狗/窗子扔石頭。
I threw the ball to John but Tom caught it. 我把球扔給約翰，但湯姆接住了球。
drop與fall
drop既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，表示"(使)掉下"、"(使)落下"、"放下"：
As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it. 當他走過那棵樹時，一個蘋果從樹上掉了下來。
The waiter dropped a fork. 那侍者掉了一把叉子。
He dropped the bag on the floor. 他把包放在地板上。
fall通常為不及物動詞，表示"落下"、"(雨、雪)下"、"降"、"跌倒"、"摔倒"：
I fell and hurt myself. 我摔倒了并受了傷。
Please hold the vase and don't let it fall. 請拿住這花瓶，別讓它倒了。
When leaves fall in autumn, I'll come back. 秋天葉落時，我就會回來。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習答案
A What happened: began(1.2);examined(1.4);were not able to find(1.5);did not start(1.6);discovered(1.7); noticed (1.8);was wound(1.8);was able to solve(1.9);dropped (1.10); wound(1.11); it did so(1.11); sent(1.11); started(1.11)
What has happened: have put out(1.1)
What has been happening: have been trying to find(1.2)
C Jack looked at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly Jill arrived.
'I've been waiting for over an hour,'he said angrily.'You never come on time.'
'Oh, is that so?'Jill answered.'Were you here at 2.30?'Jack went red.'Well,'he said,'I go here five minutes late myself, but you weren't here.'
'I came here at exactly 2.30,'Jill said,'and I waited for five minutes, but you didn't come.'
'What have you been doing since then?'Jack asked.'I've just been to the hairdresser's,'Jill answered brightly.
2.難點練習答案
a Look: you threw the potato-peeler away by mistake.
The shepherd threw some food to his dogs.
The teacher threw some chalk at a boy who wasn't listening.
b I'm quite certain these are my glasses.
The children are very quiet. What's going on?
c The cause of unemployment is complicated.
Can you explain the reason for changing our arrangements?
He reasoned that we would have to comply, even if we didn't wish to.
d Please don't drop that vase!
It fell from my hands and broke.
3.多項選擇題答案
1c 2d 3a 4c 5c 6c
7d 8c 9d 10 a 11c 12 c
詞匯學習 Word study
cause與reason
(1)cause作名詞時重要的含義是"原因"、"起因"：
A fireman accidentally discovered the cause of the fire. 一個消防隊員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因。
Do you know the cause of the war? 你知道這場戰(zhàn)爭的起因嗎?(cause通常與of連用)
cause作動詞時可以表示"使……產(chǎn)生/發(fā)生"、"引起"：
Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or cigarette ends. 森林火災時常由碎玻璃或香煙頭引起。
What caused the accident? 事故是如何造成的?
(2)reason作名詞時重要的含義是"理由"、"原因"：
Give me your reasons for going there. 請告訴我你去那里的理由。
What was the reason for the delay? 延遲的原因是什么?
作"原因"講時，reason與cause可以互相交換使用，但reason與介詞for連用，而cause則與介詞of連用：
What was the cause of the delay? (譯文同上)
reason后面通常跟why引導的從句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off. 這就是會議推遲的原因。
reason作動詞時表示"推理"、"勸導"、"說服"等：
How can you reason with him when he is so worried? 他現(xiàn)在如此擔心，你怎么能勸得了他?
throw
throw作及物動詞主要含義為"投"、"擲"、"拋"、"扔"。當它與不同的介詞或副詞連用時，其意義會稍有變化。throw away表示"扔掉"、"丟棄";throw at表示對準某一目標扔;throw to則表示扔給(某人)：
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly. 許多人隨手亂扔香煙頭。
Shall I throw this old newspaper away? 我把這舊報紙扔掉好嗎?
Don't throw stones at the dog/ the window. 別對著狗/窗子扔石頭。
I threw the ball to John but Tom caught it. 我把球扔給約翰，但湯姆接住了球。
drop與fall
drop既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，表示"(使)掉下"、"(使)落下"、"放下"：
As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it. 當他走過那棵樹時，一個蘋果從樹上掉了下來。
The waiter dropped a fork. 那侍者掉了一把叉子。
He dropped the bag on the floor. 他把包放在地板上。
fall通常為不及物動詞，表示"落下"、"(雨、雪)下"、"降"、"跌倒"、"摔倒"：
I fell and hurt myself. 我摔倒了并受了傷。
Please hold the vase and don't let it fall. 請拿住這花瓶，別讓它倒了。
When leaves fall in autumn, I'll come back. 秋天葉落時，我就會回來。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習答案
A What happened: began(1.2);examined(1.4);were not able to find(1.5);did not start(1.6);discovered(1.7); noticed (1.8);was wound(1.8);was able to solve(1.9);dropped (1.10); wound(1.11); it did so(1.11); sent(1.11); started(1.11)
What has happened: have put out(1.1)
What has been happening: have been trying to find(1.2)
C Jack looked at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly Jill arrived.
'I've been waiting for over an hour,'he said angrily.'You never come on time.'
'Oh, is that so?'Jill answered.'Were you here at 2.30?'Jack went red.'Well,'he said,'I go here five minutes late myself, but you weren't here.'
'I came here at exactly 2.30,'Jill said,'and I waited for five minutes, but you didn't come.'
'What have you been doing since then?'Jack asked.'I've just been to the hairdresser's,'Jill answered brightly.
2.難點練習答案
a Look: you threw the potato-peeler away by mistake.
The shepherd threw some food to his dogs.
The teacher threw some chalk at a boy who wasn't listening.
b I'm quite certain these are my glasses.
The children are very quiet. What's going on?
c The cause of unemployment is complicated.
Can you explain the reason for changing our arrangements?
He reasoned that we would have to comply, even if we didn't wish to.
d Please don't drop that vase!
It fell from my hands and broke.
3.多項選擇題答案
1c 2d 3a 4c 5c 6c
7d 8c 9d 10 a 11c 12 c