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    2014考研英語(yǔ)二閱讀理解真題及解析
    Part A
    Directions:
    Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
    Text 1
    What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
    These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
    This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
    Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
    21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
    [A]A big house
    [B]A special tour
    [C]A stylish car
    [D]A rich meal
    22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
    [A]critical
    [B]supportive
    [C]sympathetic
    [D]ambiguous
    23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
    [A]consumers are sometimes irrational
    [B]popularity usually comes after quality
    [C]marketing tricks are after effective
    [D]rarity generally increases pleasure
    24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
    [A]has left much room for readers’criticism
    [B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
    [C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
    [D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
    25.This text mainly discusses how to
    [A]balance feeling good and spending money
    [B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
    [C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
    [D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
    Text 2
    An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
    We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
    Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.
    26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.
    [A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
    [B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
    [C] our need for leadership is unnatural
    [D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
    27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
    [A] rapid watching
    [B] conscious choice
    [C] intuitive response
    [D] automatic self-defence
    28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
    [A] underestimate their insecurities
    [B] believe in their attractiveness
    [C] cover up their depressions
    [D] oversimplify their illusions
    29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.
    [A]instinctively
    [B]occasionally
    [C]particularly
    [D]aggressively
    30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.
    [A]present their dishonest profiles
    [B]define their traditional life styles
    [C]share their intellectual pursuits
    [D]withhold their unflattering sides
    Text 4
    When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
    Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
    Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
    The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
    There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
    Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
    But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
    36. The author believes that the housing sector__
    [A] has attracted much attention
    [B] involves certain political factors
    [C] shoulders too much responsibility
    [D] has lost its real value in economy
    37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__
    [A] increased its home supply
    [B] offered spending opportunities
    [C] suffered government biases
    [D] disappointed the government
    38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.
    [A] allow greater government debt for housing
    [B] stop local authorities from building homes
    [C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt
    [D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
    39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.
    [A]lower the costs of registered providers
    [B]lessen the impact of government interference
    [C]contribute to funding new developments
    [D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities
    40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.
    [A]implement more policies to support housing
    [B]review the need for large-scale public grants
    [C]renew the affordable housing grants programme
    [D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
    參考答案及解析：
    Section II Reading Comprehension
    Part A
    Text 1
    21、【答案】B A special tour
    【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的“it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…”，意思是“花錢消費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好……，比如說有趣的旅行……”，由此可以得知答案是B選項(xiàng)“一場(chǎng)特別的旅行”。
    22、【答案】A critical
    【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的“something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it”，意思是“普通美國(guó)人一年花兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間看電視，并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快”，因此可以得知作者對(duì)于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)“批判的”。
    23、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure
    【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib這個(gè)例子，用這個(gè)例子證明的論點(diǎn)是“l(fā)uxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly”，大意是“有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅”，D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。
    24、【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
    【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句“most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent”，大意是“大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認(rèn)為物有所值”，因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。
    25、【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money
    【解析】主旨題?？v觀全文可知，全文主要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系，因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。
    Text 2
    26、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high
    【解析】題目問 “根據(jù)第一段，社會(huì)心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?”對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一 段第三句“社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的?！庇纱丝芍?，我們對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)過高。故答案為[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high。
    27、【答案】C intuitive response
    【解析】題目問“視覺識(shí)別被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?”對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句“視覺識(shí)別是自動(dòng)的心理過程，這個(gè)過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的?！庇纱丝芍曈X識(shí)別被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺反應(yīng)。故答案為[C] intuitive response。
    28、【答案】B believe in their attractiveness
    【解析】題目問“Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣”。對(duì)應(yīng)到第四段，第二句講到“沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全，接著講到：事實(shí)上，那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B] believe in their attractiveness。
    29、【答案】[A] instinctively
    【解析】題目問“最接近viscerally的意思的是?”。對(duì)應(yīng)到第五段，viscerally所在句講到“許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認(rèn)照片中的人是他們自己。”而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片?！庇纱丝芍?，viscerally在本句中是“本質(zhì)上地”意思，故答案為[A] instinctively。
    30、【答案】[D]withhold their unflattering sides
    【解析】題干問“我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個(gè)自我拔高者的天堂，是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢宰鍪裁?”對(duì)應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句，該句講到“在臉書(facebook)中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片。”下文接著講到“不是人們不誠(chéng)實(shí)，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象?！惫蚀鸢笧閇D]withhold their unflattering sides。
    Text 4
    36、【答案】[B] involves certain political factors
    【解析】 根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housing sector可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文章的第二段， 中間說的很多，我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn)，最后應(yīng)該是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，另外這里用了the most significant 最高級(jí)，所以最后這個(gè)是最重要的一個(gè)原因，politically charged和選項(xiàng)B的political factors有對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選B involves certain political factors。
    A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒有提及，C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任，原文說的shoulder the blame，D項(xiàng)說的喪失價(jià)值，原文說的是不善于表明真正價(jià)值，兩者不一致，故排除。
    37、【答案】[C] suffered government biases
    【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered 是過去式，是對(duì)于原文history 的同義反復(fù)，biases 是對(duì)原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。
    38、【答案】[A] allow greater government debt for housing
    【解析】根據(jù)人名George Osborne定位得知，此人將會(huì)讓當(dāng)?shù)卣脕韮斶€建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松，并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下，將會(huì)另有60,000所房屋在未來的五年中建立，并由此拉動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是正確的，而B(禁止當(dāng)?shù)卣ǚ?，C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸)，D(發(fā)布國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)報(bào))都與原文意思不符。
    39、【答案】[C] contribute to funding new developments
    【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段，題干考察的是對(duì)穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是“減少注冊(cè)供應(yīng)者的成本”，其中“成本一詞”并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是“減少政府接介入的影響”，其中“政府介入”并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是“有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”，其中“為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”對(duì)應(yīng)文中的“fund new developments”;C選項(xiàng)中的“contribute to”(意思是有助于)對(duì)英文中的have a significant impact(意思是有重要影響)，符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項(xiàng)。
    40、【答案】[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector
    【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行?？疾斓氖?015年以后政府的可能性動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)的意思是“推行更多的政策來支持住房”與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審視大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求，與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違背。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可負(fù)擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對(duì)住房部門的大額資助，與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配，故為正確選項(xiàng)。
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