later，Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami，F(xiàn)lorida.
    由于這里沒(méi)有一個(gè)句子可以單獨(dú)陳述段落的主題，讀這種結(jié)構(gòu)的段落找出其主題就不那么容易必須把每個(gè)句子所陳述的意思認(rèn)真理解之后才能確定主題是什么。
    此段落的主題詞是 study at the university，graduate with honors
    上面這個(gè)段落的主題應(yīng)該是 Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.（ Joshua Bingham受過(guò)良好的教育）
    主旨大意題的干擾項(xiàng)（錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)）有3種：
    1. 概括范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。
    2. 概括范圍太寬，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。
    3. 無(wú)關(guān)信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息。
    Example one
    Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world. In London，for example，some Englishmen dip mustard into their coffee，while in Denver，a Person might add a dash of ketchup. Strips of orange and lemon Peel，cloves and cinnamon sticks are not unusual additions to the brew in Europe. An Asian delight consists of coffee brewed in boiling sugar. perhaps the richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland where whiskey and whipped cream are important ingredients. In Australia a waitress will ask，“Do you want black or white？” Black is plain black coffee，but white is half coffee and half warm milk. If an Australian orders iced coffee，he will be served a cup of steaming coffee with a scoop of ice cream. It sounds like the Australian version of a “snowball in hell.”
    1. Which statement best expresses the main idea？
    a. The richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland.
    b. Asians enjoy a sweet cup of coffee.
    c. Coffee is enjoyed in a variety of ways.
    d. Australians have an unusual sense of humor.
    2. The paragraph could be entitled
    a. Some Like It Hot. b. Coffee Around the World.
    c. Oriental Delights. d. A Snowball in Hell.
    答案說(shuō)明
    l.第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確答案是c，coffee is enjoyed in variety of ways.（咖啡可以以多種方式享用）這句話說(shuō)明了這段文章的主題。它基本上是本段開(kāi)頭一句的翻版，它概括了本段其它句子所陳述的事實(shí)。
    答案a，和b都是錯(cuò)誤的，原因在于： 答案a和b所述內(nèi)容是細(xì)節(jié)而非主題，同主題句相比？它們的范圍顯得狹隘了些。它們的重要性不及主題句。 答案d 是說(shuō)澳大利亞人具有與眾不同的幽默感；雖然本段文章某些地方可能表明澳大利亞人具有幽默感，但是答案d所指的仍是細(xì)節(jié)而不是主題。
    2.第二個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確答案是b：Coffee Around the World.（遍及全球的咖啡。文章的主題句說(shuō)明咖啡是一種全球性飲料，文中的論證性句子又評(píng)述了若干國(guó)家的不同吃法。
    答案a，c，d都是錯(cuò)誤的，原因是： 答案a，c，d都分別說(shuō)明了本段文章的部分內(nèi)容，與答案b相比，都欠全面。
    本段文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是主題句位于段落的開(kāi)頭；作者一開(kāi)始就提出論點(diǎn)，其余的句子是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的論證與解釋說(shuō)明。與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子顯然是第一句： Coffee is a universal beverage that； served in different ways around the world.
    需要特別指出的是，標(biāo)題型題雖然與主題句密切相關(guān)，但它們又有區(qū)別，找到了主題句不一定能找對(duì)標(biāo)題。因?yàn)闃?biāo)題常常隱含于主題句之中，主題句只能使考生在確定標(biāo)題的時(shí)候有所啟發(fā)，考生只能根據(jù)主題句進(jìn)行再抽象，然后找到標(biāo)題。主題句在詞法和句法上是一整句，而標(biāo)題在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往是單詞或短語(yǔ)。主題句對(duì)整篇起到統(tǒng)帥作用，而標(biāo)題是整篇表現(xiàn)的對(duì)象。主題句語(yǔ)義明確，而標(biāo)題則內(nèi)含較深。
    Example two
    When the weather is clear，pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situations，however，the eye and other orientation senses，such as our sense of balance，are not only useless，they may be totally misleading. The only safe way to fly an airplane in low visibility conditions is to use instruments，which indicate the attitude of the airplane.
    A. In bad weather，the senses can be misleading
    B. Flying an airplane can be very difficult
    C. When visibility is low the only safe way to fly an airplane is by using flight instruments.
    D. When the weather is clear，pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level.
    四項(xiàng)選擇中成項(xiàng)和d項(xiàng)內(nèi)容太具體，不能概括段落的主旨思想。b項(xiàng)內(nèi)容又太籠統(tǒng)，超出了作者的原意。只有C項(xiàng)才準(zhǔn)確地概括出段落的主旨思想。
    總之，識(shí)別和理解主題句，可迅速準(zhǔn)確地抓住短文的中心思想，從而把握住全篇的主要內(nèi)容。在確定文章的主旨思想時(shí)，選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容既不能太具體也不能太籠統(tǒng)。在選擇和確定主旨思想時(shí)，題中給出的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)往往都是事實(shí)，要求考生從中選出最能概括文章主旨思想的一項(xiàng)作為正確答案。在這方面考生容易犯以下兩種錯(cuò)誤：一種是把主題的一部分看成是文章的“主旨思想”，這樣選擇的“主旨思想”太具體，不能準(zhǔn)確地概括出整個(gè)文章或段落的主旨思想。另一種是在表達(dá)作者的主旨思想時(shí)，詞語(yǔ)概括的范圍太大，太籠統(tǒng)，超出了作者的本意。