41Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who still ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish margarine from butter, or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, to avoid the expense of purchasing butter, the Happy Pancake House should extend this cost-saving change to its restaurants in the southeast and northeast as well. 42Many employees of major United States corporations are fearful that they will lose their jobs in the near future, but this fear is largely unfounded. According to a recent study, a majority of companies expected to make new hires in the coming year, while fewer companies expected to lay off employees. In addition, although it is very disturbing to be laid off, the proliferation of programs and of workshops designed to improve job-finding skills has made being laid off far less painful than it once was. 43In the Bayhead Public Library, books that are rarely borrowed continue to take up shelf space year after year, while people who want to read a recent novel frequently find that the library's only copy is checked out. Clearly, the library's plan to replace books that are borrowed no more than once a year with sufficient copies of more recent books will solve this problem. The protest we have heard since this plan was made public has come from a small, and thus unrepresentative, group of some thirty people and so should therefore be ignored. 44The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment building to its manager. "One month ago, all the showerheads on the first five floors of SunnysideT owers were modified to restrict the water flow to approximately 1/3 of its original force. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, restricting water flow throughout all the 20 floors of Sunnyside Towers will increase our profits further." 45The following is a recommendation from the director of personnel to the president of Professional Printing Company. "In a recent telephone survey of automobile factory workers, older employees were less likely to report that having a supervisor present increases their productivity. Among workers aged 18 to 29, 27 percent said that they are more productive in the presence of their immediate supervisor, compared to 12 percent for those aged 30 or over, and only 8 percent for those aged 50 or over. Clearly, if our printing company hires mainly older employees, we will increase productivity and save money because of the reduced need for supervisors. " 46The following appeared as part of an article in a health magazine. "A new discovery warrants a drastic change in the diets of people living in the United States. Two scientists have recently suggested that omega -3 fatty acids (found in some fish and fish oils) play a key role in mental health. Our ancestors, who ate less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fat, including omega -3 fatty acids, were much less likely to suffer from depression than we are today. Moreover, modern societies — such as those in Japan and Taiwan — that consume large quantities of fish report depression rates lower than that in the United States. Given this link between omega -3 fatty acids and depression, it is important for all people in the United States to increase their consumption of fish in order to prevent depression." 47A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids — a painkiller — to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. 48The following is a recommendation from the dean at Foley College, a small liberal arts college, to the president of the college. "Since college-bound students are increasingly concerned about job prospects after graduation, Foley College should attempt to increase enrollment by promising to find its students jobs after they graduate. Many administrators feel that this strategy is a way for Foley to compete against larger and more prestigious schools and to encourage students to begin preparing for careers as soon as they enter college. Furthermore, a student who must choose a career path within his or her first year of college and who is guaranteed a job after graduation is more likely to successfully complete the coursework that will prepare him or her for the future." 49The following is a letter to the editor of the Glenville Gazette, a local newspaper. "Over the past few years, the number of people who have purchased advance tickets for the Glenville Summer Concert series has declined, indicating lack of community support. Although the weather has been unpredictable in the past few years, this cannot be the reason for the decline in advance ticket purchases, because many people attended the concerts even in bad weather. Clearly, then, the reason for the decline is the choice of music, so the organizers of the concert should feature more modern music in the future and should be sure to include music composed by Richerts, whose recordings Glenville residents purchase more often than any other contemporary recordings. This strategy will undoubtedly increase advance ticket purchases and will increase attendance at the concerts." 50The following is a letter from a professor at Xanadu College to the college's president. "The development of an extensive computer-based long-distance learning program will enhance the reputation of Xanadu College. This program would allow more students to enroll in our courses, thereby increasing our income from student tuition. Traditional courses could easily be adapted for distance learners, as was shown by the adaptation of two traditional courses for our distance learning trial project last year. Also, by using computer programs and taped lectures, faculty will have fewer classroom obligations and more time to engage in extensive research, thereby enhancing the reputation of Xanadu."
    41 House在美國西南部的餐廳用人造黃油代替了天然黃油。只有大約2%的顧客曾經(jīng)投訴，這說明100個人中有98人對于這種替換是樂于接受的。而且，很多服務(wù)生報告說很多仍然要了天然黃油的顧客在被給予人造黃油的時候并沒有投訴。顯然，這些顧客要么分不清天然黃油和人造黃油，要么是用"天然黃油"這個詞匯來指天然黃油或人造黃油。因此，為避免購買天然黃油的花費(fèi)，Happy Pancake House應(yīng)該把這項節(jié)省措施推廣到在東南部以及東北部的餐廳。
    42很多美國大公司的員工擔(dān)心他們在不久的將來可能失業(yè)，但這種擔(dān)心是沒有依據(jù)的。根據(jù)近的一項研究，大部分公司準(zhǔn)備在來年雇傭新員工，而更少的公司準(zhǔn)備裁員。而且，盡管下崗確實(shí)很麻煩，但一些幫助人們提高求職技巧的培訓(xùn)項目的增加使下崗遠(yuǎn)沒有以前那么痛苦。
    43在Bayhead公共圖書館，那些很少被借閱的圖書仍然長期占據(jù)著書庫空間，而想要讀新小說的讀者往往發(fā)現(xiàn)圖書館的一本已經(jīng)被借出了。顯然，圖書館用充足的新書籍來代替一年中被借閱不超過的書籍的計劃將解決這一問題。這項計劃公布后我們所聽到的*來自一個30來人的很小的，因而也不具有代表性的團(tuán)體，所以可以被忽略。
    44一個月之前，Sunnyside塔樓低的五層的所有淋浴噴頭被調(diào)節(jié)成水壓只有以前的大約三分之一。盡管在調(diào)節(jié)之后用水量的確切讀數(shù)還沒有出來，但這種變革顯然將為Sunnyside公司節(jié)省大量的花費(fèi)，因為公司必須每月為所用的水付費(fèi)。除了關(guān)于低水壓的幾起投訴，在調(diào)節(jié)之后沒有發(fā)生關(guān)于淋浴噴頭的問題的報告。顯然，在Sunnyside塔樓所有的20層都限制水壓將會增加我們未來的利潤。
    45在近對汽車工廠工人的電話調(diào)查中，年紀(jì)大一些的員工更少報告說有管理員在場會提高他們的生產(chǎn)效率。在18到29歲的員工中，27%的人說當(dāng)他們的頂頭上司在場時更有效率，相比之下，30歲及以上的工人只有12%，50歲及以上的工人只有8%這樣認(rèn)為。顯然，如果我們印刷公司主要雇傭年紀(jì)大一些的員工的話，我們的勞動生產(chǎn)率將會提高，并且節(jié)省開支，因為對于管理員的需求將會減少。
    46一項新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明生活在美國的居民飲食將會發(fā)生顯著變化。兩名學(xué)者近指出omega-3脂肪酸（它在一些魚類以及魚油中被發(fā)現(xiàn)）在精神健康方面有很重要的作用。我們的祖先食用更少的飽和脂肪和更多的多重不飽和脂肪，包括omega-3脂肪酸，他們患抑郁癥的可能性比我們現(xiàn)在要低很多。而且，食用大量魚類的現(xiàn)代社會--比如象日本和臺灣那樣的社會--抑郁癥的上報率比在美國要低?；谝陨蟧mega-3脂肪酸和抑郁癥的聯(lián)系，讓所有的美國人增加魚類的食用量以防止抑郁癥是很重要的。
    47一項新報告表明，男性和女性對于疼痛的感受是有顯著差異的，醫(yī)生在開止痛藥方的時候應(yīng)該考慮到這種差異。當(dāng)研究者把相同劑量的卡帕麻醉藥--一種止痛藥--分發(fā)給智齒剛剛被拔除的28名男子和20名女子的時候，女性報告的她們感受的痛楚要比男性小的多，而且止痛的時間女性更長。這一研究說明當(dāng)需要止痛藥時，應(yīng)該給女性服用卡帕麻醉藥，而應(yīng)該給男性服用其他的止痛藥。而且，研究人員應(yīng)該重新評估所有藥品對于男性以及女性的效用。
    48鑒于要讀大學(xué)的學(xué)生越來越關(guān)注畢業(yè)后的就業(yè)前景，F(xiàn)oley學(xué)院應(yīng)該嘗試通過保證其學(xué)生在畢業(yè)后找到工作來增加就讀人數(shù)。很多管理者感到這一策略是Foley學(xué)院與更大、歷史更悠久的學(xué)校競爭，并鼓勵學(xué)生在一入校就開始職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備的途徑。而且，一個在大學(xué)一年紀(jì)就必須選擇一條職業(yè)道路，并且被保證畢業(yè)后有工作的學(xué)生更可能成功地完成那些為他們的未來作準(zhǔn)備的課程。
    49過去幾年中，購買了Glenville夏季音樂會的預(yù)售票的人數(shù)減少了，表明它缺乏社會支持。盡管過去幾年的天氣確實(shí)有些變化無常，但這并不是預(yù)售票銷售減少的原因，因為很多人即使在壞天氣下仍然參加音樂會。顯然，銷量下降的原因是音樂的選擇，因此音樂會的組織者應(yīng)該在未來提供更多的現(xiàn)代音樂，并保證演奏更多的Richerts作曲的作品，Glenville的居民購買他的唱片的數(shù)量顯著多于其他的當(dāng)代音樂唱片。這一策略無疑將會增加預(yù)售票的銷量并增加音樂會的上座率。
    50發(fā)展一套大型計算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)系統(tǒng)將會提高Xanadu學(xué)院的聲譽(yù)。這一系統(tǒng)將使更多學(xué)生報名參加我們的課程，從而提高我們的學(xué)費(fèi)收入。傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)可以很容易地改編成遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)內(nèi)容，這已經(jīng)被去年我們遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)實(shí)驗系統(tǒng)的兩個傳統(tǒng)課程的改編所證實(shí)。而且，通過使用計算機(jī)程序和錄音教學(xué)，員工可以減少去教室的次數(shù)并有更多的時間從事大規(guī)模的科研活動，從而提高Xanadu的聲譽(yù)。