Lesson 28 Patients and doctors病人與醫(yī)生
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor?
This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.
Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend Henry Talor,he went out immediately to visit him. Carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors -- to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.
1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時(shí)就沉沒了，這個(gè)從容不迫7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國(guó)流傳至今的故事無疑是航海最離奇的事件之一。這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近幾年來個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這就是“瓦薩”號(hào)，帝國(guó)大艦的皇家旗艦。
當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。3層的火炮甲板上裝著眼點(diǎn)4門青銅加農(nóng)炮，目的就是要在不斷增長(zhǎng)的瑞典勢(shì)力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
1628年8月10日，“瓦薩”號(hào)準(zhǔn)備首航時(shí)，斯德哥爾摩一片歡騰。人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀著這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。高聳的船樓上雕刻了令人眼花繚亂的神仙、妖魔、騎士、國(guó)王、武士、美人魚和小天使，還有用紅色、金黃色、藍(lán)色繪制的光彩奪目的獸形圖案，象征著勇敢、力量和殘暴，以激起漢時(shí)崇尚迷信的水手們的想像。
這時(shí)，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號(hào)鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號(hào)也鳴炮回禮。當(dāng)“瓦薩”號(hào)從彌漫的禮炮煙云中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，船頭下浪花加濺，艦旗迎風(fēng)招展，三角旗隨風(fēng)飄動(dòng)，微風(fēng)鼓起風(fēng)帆，金碧輝煌的船樓閃耀著燦爛的色彩?！巴咚_”號(hào)展現(xiàn)的壯觀景象是斯德哥爾摩人從未見過的。船上的炮眼開著，炮口虎視眈眈地向外窺視著。
當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時(shí)，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號(hào)奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。炮長(zhǎng)命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上來以抵消船的傾斜，但甲板的傾斜度仍在增加。當(dāng)物口、壓艙物、彈藥和400個(gè)人轟地一聲滑向陡斜的左舷時(shí)，岸上的觀眾聽到了雷鳴般的轟響。下層炮眼已淹沒在水里，涌進(jìn)船艙的水給“瓦薩”號(hào)帶來了難以逃脫的厄運(yùn)。就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。1.galleon n.大型帆船
2.Stockholm n.斯德哥爾摩
3.flagship n.旗艦
4.imperial adj.帝國(guó)的
例句：I dreamed of many imperial palaces in different styles.
我夢(mèng)到了許多風(fēng)格各異的宮闕。
5.hurricane n.颶風(fēng)
6.armament n.軍械
7.triple adj.三層的
8.mount v.架有
例句：She mounted the photograph on the Back of her diary Book.
她把照片裱貼在她的日記本上。
9.bronze n.青銅
10.cannon n.加農(nóng)炮.From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.
參考翻譯：1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時(shí)就沉沒了，這個(gè)從7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國(guó)流傳至今的故事無疑是航海最離奇的事件之一。
講解：must be表示肯定的猜測(cè)。
that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾galleon。maiden voyage處女航，首次航行。
2.King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.
參考翻譯：當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。
講解：at the height of在…最盛的時(shí)候
例句：I was present in person at the height of Meilanfang's art career. He really deserves to be called a master of Beijing Opera.
我躬逢梅蘭芳藝術(shù)高峰的時(shí)代，他真不愧為京劇大師。
3.She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
參考翻譯：目的就是要在不斷增長(zhǎng)的瑞典勢(shì)力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
講解：play a role起作用，扮演角色。role前面可以加形容詞修飾，表示起什么樣的作用。
例句：They played a shameful role in this farce.
他們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)鬧劇中扮演了可恥的角色。
4.They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship.
參考翻譯：瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。
講解：more richly carved and ornamented than any比較級(jí)表示級(jí)。詳見語法部分。
5.Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply.
參考翻譯：這時(shí)，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號(hào)鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號(hào)也鳴炮回禮。
講解：in reply 作為回應(yīng)，作為答復(fù)
例句：His wife made courteous remarks in reply to the good wishes of journalists.
他的妻子用禮貌的談吐回答了記者們的良好祝福。
in response做出反應(yīng)
例句：This situation developed in response to events in africa.
這種局勢(shì)的發(fā)展是對(duì)非洲事件的反應(yīng)。
6.In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying in the harbour of her birth.
參考翻譯：就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。
講解：with all flags flying現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。with經(jīng)常和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)合起來做狀語，例如：
(1)She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with 名詞 形容詞，作伴隨狀語）
(2)With the meal over，we all went home.（with 名詞 副詞，作時(shí)間狀語）
(3)The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with 名詞 介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
(4)He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with 名詞 不定式，作伴隨狀語）比較級(jí)表示級(jí)的幾種情況：
1)、直接使用比較級(jí)
①How beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better voice.
= She has the best voice I've ever heard.
她唱得多好?。∵@是我聽到的最美的歌喉。
②I have never read a more interesting novel.
= It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
這是我讀過的最有趣的小說。
2)、比較級(jí) than the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ any other 單數(shù)名詞/ any of the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
①She goes to school earlier than the other girls.
她比其他女孩早上學(xué)。
②He works harder than any other student.
她學(xué)習(xí)最用功。
③China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
中國(guó)是亞洲的國(guó)家
3)、比較級(jí) than anything/ anyone else
①George did more work than anyone else.
喬治干活最多。
②Tom cared more for money than for anything else
湯姆最喜歡錢。
4)、在比較句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" 等詞。
①I like nothing better than swimming.
我最喜歡游泳。
②Nobody can do the work better than he did.
這項(xiàng)工作他做得最出色。
③No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
新建的賓館是當(dāng)?shù)刈詈廊A的。1.For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956.
1.這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近幾年來個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2.King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.
2.當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。
3.From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind.
3.人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀著這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。
4.As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port.
4.當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時(shí)，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號(hào)奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。
5. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
5.就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor?
This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority of the patients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and little-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.
Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend Henry Talor,he went out immediately to visit him. Carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's. Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his friend, he hastened to Henry Taylor's house. History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste, and that is what all patients demand of their doctors -- to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.
1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時(shí)就沉沒了，這個(gè)從容不迫7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國(guó)流傳至今的故事無疑是航海最離奇的事件之一。這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近幾年來個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這就是“瓦薩”號(hào)，帝國(guó)大艦的皇家旗艦。
當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。3層的火炮甲板上裝著眼點(diǎn)4門青銅加農(nóng)炮，目的就是要在不斷增長(zhǎng)的瑞典勢(shì)力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
1628年8月10日，“瓦薩”號(hào)準(zhǔn)備首航時(shí)，斯德哥爾摩一片歡騰。人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀著這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。高聳的船樓上雕刻了令人眼花繚亂的神仙、妖魔、騎士、國(guó)王、武士、美人魚和小天使，還有用紅色、金黃色、藍(lán)色繪制的光彩奪目的獸形圖案，象征著勇敢、力量和殘暴，以激起漢時(shí)崇尚迷信的水手們的想像。
這時(shí)，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號(hào)鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號(hào)也鳴炮回禮。當(dāng)“瓦薩”號(hào)從彌漫的禮炮煙云中出現(xiàn)時(shí)，船頭下浪花加濺，艦旗迎風(fēng)招展，三角旗隨風(fēng)飄動(dòng)，微風(fēng)鼓起風(fēng)帆，金碧輝煌的船樓閃耀著燦爛的色彩?！巴咚_”號(hào)展現(xiàn)的壯觀景象是斯德哥爾摩人從未見過的。船上的炮眼開著，炮口虎視眈眈地向外窺視著。
當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時(shí)，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號(hào)奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。炮長(zhǎng)命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上來以抵消船的傾斜，但甲板的傾斜度仍在增加。當(dāng)物口、壓艙物、彈藥和400個(gè)人轟地一聲滑向陡斜的左舷時(shí)，岸上的觀眾聽到了雷鳴般的轟響。下層炮眼已淹沒在水里，涌進(jìn)船艙的水給“瓦薩”號(hào)帶來了難以逃脫的厄運(yùn)。就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。1.galleon n.大型帆船
2.Stockholm n.斯德哥爾摩
3.flagship n.旗艦
4.imperial adj.帝國(guó)的
例句：I dreamed of many imperial palaces in different styles.
我夢(mèng)到了許多風(fēng)格各異的宮闕。
5.hurricane n.颶風(fēng)
6.armament n.軍械
7.triple adj.三層的
8.mount v.架有
例句：She mounted the photograph on the Back of her diary Book.
她把照片裱貼在她的日記本上。
9.bronze n.青銅
10.cannon n.加農(nóng)炮.From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.
參考翻譯：1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時(shí)就沉沒了，這個(gè)從7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國(guó)流傳至今的故事無疑是航海最離奇的事件之一。
講解：must be表示肯定的猜測(cè)。
that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾galleon。maiden voyage處女航，首次航行。
2.King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.
參考翻譯：當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。
講解：at the height of在…最盛的時(shí)候
例句：I was present in person at the height of Meilanfang's art career. He really deserves to be called a master of Beijing Opera.
我躬逢梅蘭芳藝術(shù)高峰的時(shí)代，他真不愧為京劇大師。
3.She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
參考翻譯：目的就是要在不斷增長(zhǎng)的瑞典勢(shì)力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
講解：play a role起作用，扮演角色。role前面可以加形容詞修飾，表示起什么樣的作用。
例句：They played a shameful role in this farce.
他們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)鬧劇中扮演了可恥的角色。
4.They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship.
參考翻譯：瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。
講解：more richly carved and ornamented than any比較級(jí)表示級(jí)。詳見語法部分。
5.Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply.
參考翻譯：這時(shí)，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號(hào)鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號(hào)也鳴炮回禮。
講解：in reply 作為回應(yīng)，作為答復(fù)
例句：His wife made courteous remarks in reply to the good wishes of journalists.
他的妻子用禮貌的談吐回答了記者們的良好祝福。
in response做出反應(yīng)
例句：This situation developed in response to events in africa.
這種局勢(shì)的發(fā)展是對(duì)非洲事件的反應(yīng)。
6.In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying in the harbour of her birth.
參考翻譯：就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。
講解：with all flags flying現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。with經(jīng)常和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)合起來做狀語，例如：
(1)She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with 名詞 形容詞，作伴隨狀語）
(2)With the meal over，we all went home.（with 名詞 副詞，作時(shí)間狀語）
(3)The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with 名詞 介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
(4)He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with 名詞 不定式，作伴隨狀語）比較級(jí)表示級(jí)的幾種情況：
1)、直接使用比較級(jí)
①How beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better voice.
= She has the best voice I've ever heard.
她唱得多好?。∵@是我聽到的最美的歌喉。
②I have never read a more interesting novel.
= It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
這是我讀過的最有趣的小說。
2)、比較級(jí) than the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ any other 單數(shù)名詞/ any of the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
①She goes to school earlier than the other girls.
她比其他女孩早上學(xué)。
②He works harder than any other student.
她學(xué)習(xí)最用功。
③China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
中國(guó)是亞洲的國(guó)家
3)、比較級(jí) than anything/ anyone else
①George did more work than anyone else.
喬治干活最多。
②Tom cared more for money than for anything else
湯姆最喜歡錢。
4)、在比較句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" 等詞。
①I like nothing better than swimming.
我最喜歡游泳。
②Nobody can do the work better than he did.
這項(xiàng)工作他做得最出色。
③No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
新建的賓館是當(dāng)?shù)刈詈廊A的。1.For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956.
1.這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近幾年來個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
2.King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.
2.當(dāng)時(shí)號(hào)稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國(guó)王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。
3.From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind.
3.人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀著這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。
4.As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port.
4.當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時(shí)，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號(hào)奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。
5. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
5.就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號(hào)，在它壯麗的起航時(shí)刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。